zondag 17 april 2011

FloodFill pathfinding example (Shortest path)



(Press any mouse button on the applet screen to create a new path/route.)


I never understood how to make a path finding program. I find the documents and code that I found on the Internet hard to understand. I did remember a couple of things that I was thinking about. Things like open and closed list, flooding and neighbooring cells.
I downloaded a simple pathfinding example in the basic language and converted it to Java and got it working but the paths were not always the shortest paths.

I then started thinking about how I could make my own path finding program. I was thinking about using a map flood where you store the distance traveled by the flood in a different map. I got that working. I could read on the map that where the destination is located you could count back number by number to the start position. I tried to count back and it worked. I read the 8 blocks around the current position and select the lowest block for the next location and do this again until the start position is found.

It took me hours to get the program working right.

I have 4 arrays of coordinates. (x1[],y1[],x2[],y2[]) I have a loop that increases a distance variable by one by each loop. I loop through the x1 and y1 array and close the map positions of those coordinates and write to an other buffer map with the distance variable. When the x1 and y1 loop is done then I loop through it again and find nearest unused coordinates and place those in x2 and y2 arrays, I check the buffer map if it is closed, and when done I copy that list into the x1 and y1 array and the loop is continued until every map coordinate is closed.

I then have a other loop further in the method where I count back from the end coordinates until it reaches the start coordinates. If there is no lower surrounding value then the loop ends and exits the method with false.

The path created always seems to be the shortest path.

I am still new to Java and could not get Arraylists or Lists working so I used arrays. I still have to study more sourcecode that uses arraylists and other list type containers.





(Here below is the complete code of the example..)


 


import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;

public class pathfind07 extends Applet {

 // stores the map ; it is rotated, weird
 int map[][] ={
     {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0},
     {0,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1},
     {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
     {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1},
     {1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0},
     {0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0},
     {1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0},
     {1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0},
     {0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0},
     {0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
     };
 int[][][] map2 = new int[20][20][20];
 int mystartx=0;
 int mystarty=0;
 int myendx=9;
 int myendy=9;
 // Maximum length of path here is 100
 int[] pathx = new int[100];
 int[] pathy = new int[100];
 int cw=22;//draw cell width
 int ch=22;//draw cell height
 public void init() {

 }

 public void paint(Graphics g) {

  //draw map
  g.setColor(Color.black);
  for(int x=0;x<10;x++){
  for(int y=0;y<10;y++){
   // draw the distance map
   g.drawString(""+map2[x][y][2],x*cw+cw/2,y*ch+ch/2);
   // draw the tile map
   if(map[x][y]==1){
    g.fillRect(x*cw,y*ch,cw,ch);
   }
  }}

  // draw the start and end locations
  g.setColor(Color.red);
  g.drawRect(mystartx*cw+cw/4,mystarty*ch+ch/4,cw/2,ch/2);
  g.setColor(Color.green);
  g.drawRect(myendx*cw+cw/4,myendy*ch+ch/4,cw/2,cw/2);
  // draw path
  g.setColor(Color.black);
  for(int cnt3=1;cnt3<100;cnt3++)
  {
   if(pathx[cnt3-1]!=-1 && pathx[cnt3]!=-1)
   {
   g.drawLine(pathx[cnt3-1]*cw+cw/2,pathy[cnt3-1]*ch+ch/2,pathx[cnt3]*cw+cw/2,pathy[cnt3]*ch+ch/2);
   }
  }
  g.drawString("Press on the map to create path",0,230);
 }

 public boolean findpath(int startx,int starty,int endx,int endy)
 {
  System.out.println("Looking for path at :"+startx+":"+starty+":"+endx+":"+endy);
  if(startx<0) return false;
  if(startx>9) return false;
  if(starty<0) return false;
  if(starty>9) return false;
  if(map[startx][starty]==1)return false;
  if(map[endx][endy]==1)return false;

  //erase the old path
  for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
  {
   pathx[i]=-1;
   pathy[i]=-1;
  }
  //erase the path finding buffer map. [][][1]=donewith[][][2]=distance
  for(int y=0;y<20;y++){
  for(int x=0;x<20;x++){
   map2[x][y][1]=0;
   map2[x][y][2]=0;
  }
  }
  //Make arrays to store closeby cells in (open list and closed list)
  int[] x1 = new int[500];
  int[] y1 = new int[500];
  int[] x2 = new int[500];
  int[] y2 = new int[500];
  int cnt,x,y;
  int dist=0;
  int numitems = 0;
  int numitems2 = 0;
  // set all cell values to unused
  for(int i=0;i<500;i++){
   x1[i]=-1;
   y1[i]=-1;
   x2[i]=-1;
   y2[i]=-1;
  }
  // start location
  x1[0]=startx;
  y1[0]=starty;
  numitems = 1;
  // loop 120 times to fill the map
  for(int bbb=0;bbb<120;bbb++)
  {
   // increase the distance of the flood
   dist++;

   // fill done map
   for(int i=0;i < numitems ;i++){
     map2[x1[i]][y1[i]][1]=1;
     map2[x1[i]][y1[i]][2]=dist;
   }
   // Find neighboords for list 2
   cnt=0;
   x=0;
   y=0;
   for(int i=0; i < numitems ;i++){
    x=x1[i];
    y=y1[i];
    if(x-1>=0 && y-1>=0 && map[x-1][y-1]!=1 && map2[x-1][y-1][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x-1;
     y2[cnt]=y-1;
     map2[x-1][y-1][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x>=0 && y-1>=0 && map[x][y-1]!=1 && map2[x][y-1][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x;
     y2[cnt]=y-1;
     map2[x][y-1][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x+1<10 && y-1>=0 && map[x+1][y-1]!=1 && map2[x+1][y-1][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x+1;
     y2[cnt]=y-1;
     map2[x+1][y-1][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x-1>=0 && y>=0 && map[x-1][y]!=1 && map2[x-1][y][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x-1;
     y2[cnt]=y;
     map2[x-1][y][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x+1<10 && y>=0 && map[x+1][y]!=1 && map2[x+1][y][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x+1;
     y2[cnt]=y;
     map2[x+1][y][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x-1>=0 && y+1<10 && map[x-1][y+1]!=1 && map2[x-1][y+1][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x-1;
     y2[cnt]=y+1;
     map2[x-1][y+1][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x>=0 && y+1<10 && map[x][y+1]!=1 && map2[x][y+1][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x;
     y2[cnt]=y+1;
     map2[x][y+1][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }
    if(x+1<10 && y+1<10 && map[x+1][y+1]!=1 && map2[x+1][y+1][1]!=1)
    {
     x2[cnt]=x+1;
     y2[cnt]=y+1;
     map2[x+1][y+1][1]=1;
     cnt++;
    }

   }
   numitems2 = cnt;
   //erase list 1
   for(int i=0; i < numitems ;i++){
    x1[i]=-1;
    y1[i]=-1;
   }
   //copy list 2 to list 1
   for(int i=0; i < numitems2 ;i++)
   {
    x1[i]=x2[i];
    y1[i]=y2[i];
    x2[i]=-1;
    y2[i]=-1;
   }
   numitems = numitems2;

  }

  // Find path Count back / trace back
  System.out.println("Tracing back");
  int lx=endx;//store the end location here to count back to start
  int ly=endy;
  //int[] nums = new int[10];
  int nums[] ={1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000,1000};
  int cnt2=1;//for numbering the surrounding blocks
  int cnt3=0;//path index
  boolean exitloop=false;
  while(exitloop==false)
  {
   if(lx==startx && ly==starty) break;
   // erase the nums array (nums stores the distance value in the buffer map2[][][2]
   for(int cc=0;cc<10;cc++)
   {
    nums[cc]=1000;
   }
   cnt2=1;
   // Read the surrounding map cells into the nums array.
   if(lx-1>=0 && ly-1>=0 && map[lx-1][ly-1]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx-1][ly-1][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx>=0 && ly-1>=0 && map[lx][ly-1]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx][ly-1][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx+1<10 && ly-1>=0 && map[lx+1][ly-1]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx+1][ly-1][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx-1>=0 && ly>=0 && map[lx-1][ly]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx-1][ly][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx+1<10 && ly>=0 && map[lx+1][ly]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx+1][ly][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx-1>=0 && ly+1<10 && map[lx-1][ly+1]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx-1][ly+1][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx<10 && ly+1<10 && map[lx][ly+1]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx][ly+1][2];
   }
   cnt2++;
   if(lx+1<10 && ly+1<10 && map[lx+1][ly+1]!=1)
   {
    nums[cnt2]=map2[lx+1][ly+1][2];
   }
   cnt2++;

   int lowest = 1000;//used to find lowest value
   int thenextloc=-1;
   // loop through all surrounding cells and find lowest value
   for(int i=1;i<10;i++)
   {
    System.out.print(""+nums[i]+",");
    if(nums[i] < lowest )
    {
     lowest = nums[i];
     thenextloc = i;//this is the next direction we travel in
    }
   }
   // if no next direction is found then clear path and exit method
   if(lowest == 1000 || lowest == 0)
   {
    System.out.println("quited 0 or 1000");
    for(int i=0;i<100;i++)
    {
     pathx[i]=-1;
     pathy[i]=-1;
    }
    return false;
   }
   System.out.println(" lowest value " + lowest + " thenextloc : "+thenextloc);
   // The thenextloc variable has the next direction we travel in
   // 1=leftabove 2=above 3=rightabove
   // 4=left 5 = right 6 = left below
   // 7=below 8 = right below
   if(thenextloc==1){
    lx--;
    ly--;
   }
   if(thenextloc==2){
    ly--;
   }
   if(thenextloc==3){
    lx++;
    ly--;
   }
   if(thenextloc==4){
    lx--;
   }
   if(thenextloc==5){
    lx++;
   }
   if(thenextloc==6){
    lx--;
    ly++;
   }
   if(thenextloc==7){
    ly++;
   }
   if(thenextloc==8){
    lx++;
    ly++;
   }
   //store the next coordinates in the path arrays
   pathx[cnt3]=lx;
   pathy[cnt3]=ly;
   // next slot in the path array if the path gets longer
   cnt3++;
  }
  // if the path was found then stop
  System.out.println("path found");
  return true;
 }


 public boolean mouseUp (Event e, int x, int y)
 {
  // divide the mouse coordinates with the width and
  // height of the screen map blocks
  int thex=x/cw;
  int they=y/ch;
  mystartx=thex;
  mystarty=they;
  //try to find the path
  findpath(thex,they,myendx,myendy);
  //repaint the screen
  repaint();

  return true;
 }


}


2 opmerkingen:

  1. I don't believe you when you say your still new to Java, this is some astounding code.

    Can I please use this in my game?

    BeantwoordenVerwijderen
  2. I have been programming for a long time but started in Java in 2011.

    Yes you may use this in your game.

    BeantwoordenVerwijderen

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